dek̂-1

    dek̂-1

    English meaning: to take, *offer a sacrifice, observe a custom

    Deutsche Übersetzung: “nehmen, aufnehmen”, daher “begrũßen, Ehre erweisen”. Aus the meaning “annehmen, gern aufnehmen” fließt die meaning “gut passend, geeignet, sich schicken, ziemen, es jemandem recht machen; as unannehmbar darstellen, etwas einem gut shining, seeming machen, lehren, lernen”

    Material: O.Ind. daśasyáti “proves honour, venerates a god, is gracious” (Denomin. of *daśas- = Lat. decus), daśǘ f. ‘state, status, fate, destiny”; Av. dasǝm n. “property, belongings piece “; O.Ind. Desiderat. dīkšatē “is consecrated”, dīkšǘ “consecration” (*di-dk̂- s- with secondary ī), dákšati “is proficient, makes it right, is compliant”, dákša-ḥ “proficient, skilful” (but Av. daxš- “instruct, teach, instruct”, Pers. daxš “ business, toil” stay away because of the Gutturals), lengthened grade O.Ind. düś nṓ ti, dǘ šṭ i, dǘ ś ati “offer a sacrifice, give, proves honour, grants”, düś vá s- “honoring the Gods, godly, pious”; Av. düšta- “receive, obtains, attains “ (participle); after Frisk Etyma Armen. 25 f. here Arm. ǝncay “gift” from *ǝnd-tisüti- (urArm. -tis- from *dēk̂ -); whether tesanem “I behold “? (compare under δοκεύω); different Meillet Esquisse 135; Gk. (Ion. Eol. Cret.) δέκομαι “take in, accept”, Att. δέχομαι, athemat. Hom. 3. pl. δέχαται (χ after *δέχθω, Infin. δέχθαι), Aor. δέκτο, participle δέγμενος, compare προτίδεγμαι προσδέχομαι Hes. (γμ instead of κμ); κ is preserved in δοκός “[absorption] beam “, δοκάν θήκην Hes. (out of it Lat. doga “a sort of vessel (perhaps a measure)”), δοκάναι αἱ στάλικες Hes., δεζάζω “ to captivate, fascinate, be impressive “, δωρο-δόκος “the take of presents”, δεξαμενή (participle Aor.) “water container, water carrier “, ἀρι-δείκετος “ distinguished “ (ει metr. lengthening); nasal present *δεικνvμαι (: O.Ind. düś nṓ ti) in participle δεικνύμενος “rendering homage, honoring, greeting “, to δεικανόωντο “to greet”; intensive δειδέχαται ds., δει-δίσκομαι “greet” (for *δη-δέ(κ)-σκομαι after the present auf -ίσκω); δει- could be read δη- (IE ē), δεικν- also δεκν-, and δεικα- could be metr. lengthening for δεκα- (Schwyzer Gr Gk. I 648, 697); causative δοκέω (= Lat. doceō “to teach, instruct (with acc. of person or thing); with clause, to inform that or how; “docere fabulam”, to teach a play to the actors, to bring out, exhibit”, δοκεῖ μοι “it seems to me” (“is suitable to me”); δόξα f. “opinion, fame” (*δοκ- σα), δόγμα n. “decision”, δόκιμος “ respectable, approved “; δοκεύω “ to see, discern, perceive, observe; to think, suppose, imagine, expect “, προσ-δοκάω “ anticipate, expect”; about διδάσκω see under dens-1. Maybe Alb.Gheg doke “custom, ritual, tradition (observed)”, (*deuk-) dukem “appear, seem”. Alb. shows that from Root dek-̂ 1 : “to take” derived the nasalized Root tong-1 (*teng-) : “to think, feel”. Alb. ndieh “to feel” (*dek̂-skō-?); ndesh “find, encounter” probably Slav. Lw.? S. under dēs-; Lat. decet, -ēre “it is proper, it is fitting (physically or morally)”, decus, -oris n. “distinction, honor, glory, grace; moral dignity, virtue; of persons, pride, glory “, dignus “ worthy, deserving; esp. of persons, usually with abl. or genit. of things, worth having, deserved, suitable, fitting “ (from *dec-nos, lit. “ adorned with”); Umbr. tic̨it decet ” (see in addition EM. 257); causative doceō, -ēre “instruct” (“lets accept something “); discō, -ere, didīci “ to learn, get to know; “discere fidibus”, to learn to play on the lyre; in gen., to receive information, find out; to become acquainted with, learn to recognize “ (from *di-elk̂-skō); O.Ir. dech “the best “ (= Lat. decus); also in PN Echuid (*ek̂vo-dek̂-s), gen. Echdach, Luguid, gen. Luigdech (urIr. Lugu-deccas with cc = k), whether does not stand for e for older i; then to deik̂- “point”, in the meaning “order”. Perhaps here Gmc. *teh-u̯ōn in O.E. teohhian, tiohhian “mean, decide, define, ordain, determine”, teohh, tiohh “troop, multitude, crowd, group of people “, tēon (*tehōn) “decide, define, ordain, determine”, O.H.G. gizehōn “ bring in order “, M.H.G. zeche “ alignment, guild, brotherhood, colliery, association “, Ger. Zeche, M.H.G. zesem (*teksma-) “uninterrupted row”, wherefore perhaps with lengthened grade (*tēʒ-u̯ō) Goth. tēwa “order”, gatēwjan “dispose”; s. above also under deu̯ü- “ move spatially forward “. Doubtful O.C.S. dešǫ , desiti “find”, Ser.-Cr. dȅsîm dèsiti “meet”, refl. “ meet somebody “, Cz. po-desiti and u-desiti “catch up, catch”; changing through ablaut R.C.S. dositi “find, meet”; s. also under dēs-. Toch. A täk- “adjudicate, decide, determine”; dubious A tüskmüṃ (*tüksk-müṃ ) ‘similar”, Van Windekens Lexique 137; Pisani Rč. R. 1st. Lomb. 76, 2, 30. For es-stem O.Ind. daśas(yáti), Lat. decus the words stand for “right” (Specht KZ. 62, 218). dek̂s- with variant suffixes: common O.Ind. ĝh- > kṣ- phonetic mutation O.Ind. dákṣiṇa-, dakṣiṇá- “on the right, to the south, skilful”, Av. dašina- “right”, Lith. dẽšinas ds., dešine ̃ “the right hand”, O.C.S. desnъ “right”; Gk. δεξιτερός = Lat. dexter, -tra, - trum (compounds dexterior, superl. dextimus), Osc. destrst (abbreviated from *destrust) “it is on the right “, Umbr. destrame “ on the right side “; Gk. δεξιός “right, heralding luck, skilful, adroit” (from δεξι- with formants -Fo-, compare Gaul. Dexsiva dea); (the suffix -u̯oprobably after *lai-u̯os, skai-u̯os “links”) O.Ir. dess “on the right, to the south”, Welsh deheu (*deksovo-) ds., Goth. taíhswa, O.H.G. zeso “right”, Goth. taíhswō- O.H.G. zes(a)wa “the right hand”; Alb. djathtë “right” (that from G. Meyer identical with it Church Slavic destъ is probably corruption for desnъ, s. Berneker 187).

    Note: The etymology of G. Meyer seems erroneous because of the common Alb. -k̂- > -thphonetic mutation similar as Lat. dexter, -tra, -trum is a suffixed form of old PIE Root dek-̂ 1 : “to take”. The -ter,-tra suffix has been attested in Av. Illyr. Alb. and Lat. Hence before -tra, - ter suffix the -k- becomes usually -ks- in all the above mentioned languages. Hence Alb. (*dek̂-) djath-të “right” evolved from the common Alb. -k- > -th- phonetic mutation like in Alb. (mag-) math “big” while -të is the common Alb. suffix as in Alb. maj-të “left” from Lat. male “badly, ill, wrongly, wickedly, unfortunately, extremely”.

    References: WP. I 782 f., WH. I 330 f., 346 f,, Trautmann 53, 54, Schwyzer Gk. I 648, 678, 684, 697, Wistrand Instrumentalis 14 ff.